B.Inggris

Aksi yang telah selesai di masa lampau itu dapat terjadi berulang kali maupun hanya sekali. Selain itu, past perfect tense juga dapat digunakan untuk membentuk conditional sentence tipe 3 dan reported speech.

Rumus Past Perfect Tense

Past perfect tense dibentuk dengan auxiliary verb “had”, dan past participle (verb-3). Had digunakan baik untuk singular maupun plural subject. Sedangkan past participle dapat berupa irregular atau regular verb. Dengan demikian rumus past perfect tense untuk kalimat positif, negatif, dan interogatif adalah sebagai berikut.

Kalimat	Rumus Past Perfect Tense	Contoh Past Perfect Tense
positif (+)	S + had + Verb-3/past participle	My brother had slept
		They had come
negatif (-)	S + had + not + Verb-3/past participle	My brother hadn’t slept
		They hadn’t come
interogatif (?)	had + S + Verb-3/past participle	Had my brother slept
		Had they come

Beberapa Fungsi dan Contoh Kalimat Past Perfect Tense

Fungsi	Contoh Kalimat Past Perfect Tense
Past perfect tense untuk mengekspresikan aksi di masa lampau yang telah selesai terjadi sebelum past event lainnya. Subordinate conjunction yang dapat digunakan antara lain: after, before, when by the time prior to	When he came last night, the cake had run out. (Ketika dia datang semalam, kue sudah habis.)
	The student had gotten a verbal warning before his parents were called. (Siswa tersebut telah mendapat peringatan verbal sebelum orangtuanya ditelepon.)
	I had already eaten breakfast by the time he picked me up. (Saya telah sarapan ketika dia menjemput.)
	Prior to the proclamation, Indonesia had been colonized by Japan for 3 years. (Sebelum proklamasi, Indonesia telah dijajah Jepang selama 3 tahun.)
Past perfect tense untuk menunjukkan seberapa sering sesuatu terjadi di masa lampau.	I had read the book three times. (Saya membaca buku itu tiga kali.)
	They had met twice before married. (Mereka bertemu dua kali sebelum menikah.)
	Yulia had been to the gym every two days until 2012. (Yulia telah pergi ke gym setiap dua hari sampai tahun 2012.)
Past perfect tense digunakan pada reported speech setelah verbs: said, told, asked, thought, wondered.	He said that he had listened carefully the instruction. (Dia mengatakan bahwa dia telah mendengarkan instruksi dengan penuh perhatian.)
	I thought he had changed to be better man. (Saya pikir dia telah berubah menjadi pria yang lebih baik.)
Past perfect tense untuk mengekspresikan harapan/impian yang tidak kesampaian (conditional tipe 3).	If he had taken a bath fast, he would have missed the train. (Jika dia telah mandi cepat, dia tidak akan ketinggalan kereta.)
	Rina would been the same level with me if she had studied harder. (Rina akan berasa pada level yang sama dengan saya jika dia belajar lebih keras.)

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Table of Contents:

1. Past Perfect Tense
2. Passive Voice – Past Perfect Tense
3. Yes-No Question Past Perfect
4. Wh- Question Past Perfect Tense

Exercises:

• Soal Past Perfect Tense
• Soal Passive – Past Perfect Tense
• Soal Yes-No Question Past Perfect
• Soal Wh- Question Past Perfect
• Soal Tenses

Related Posts:

• Past Perfect vs. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
• Past Perfect Continuous Tense
• Present Perfect Tense
• Future Perfect Tense
• Simple Past Tense
• Past Continuous Tense

Semoga penjelasan materi past perfect tense ini bermanfaat dan mohon maaf jika ada kekurangan.

References:

1. The Past Perfect Tense. http://esl.fis.edu/grammar/rules/pastperf.htm. Accessed on November 16, 2013.
2. Past Perfect Tense. http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/tenses/past_perfect.htm. Accessed on November 16, 2013.
3. Sequence of Tenses. http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/601/01/. Accessed on February 22, 2013.
4. After, Before, When. http://esl.about.com/od/Intermediate_Verb_Resource/a/Time-Expressions-After-Before-When.htm. Accessed on February 22, 2013.